Tag: haemoglobin

Chemistry of Blood

Halloween Special: The Chemistry of Blood

Infographic on the chemistry of blood. The colour of blood is caused by haemoglobin, a protein found in blood which carries oxygen, and when oxygenated appears red. When deoxygenated, it's deep red. The metallic odour of blood is due to trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal. Blood types are determined by the presence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Different blood types contain different antibodies, which determine which blood types can be received in transfusions.
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Fake blood is an essential accessory if you’re going for a gory Halloween look with your costume this year. There’s a lot of chemistry in the substance it sets out to mimic; we can explain the colour, smell, and different types of blood with the aid of chemistry (and some biology thrown in for good measure). Today’s graphic takes a look at each in turn.

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The Chemistry of Blood Colours

The Chemistry of The Colours of Blood

Infographic on the chemistry of the colours of blood. Human blood is red due to haemoglobin, which is also red when deoxygenated - not blue! Spiders, crustaceans, and molluscs including octopuses and squid have blue blood due to haemocyanin, which contains copper instead of iron. When deoxygenated, haemocyanin is colourless. Some segmented worms, some leeches and some marines worms have green blood due to chlorocruorin, which is light green when deoxygenated. Marine worms including peanut worms, penis worms and brachiopods have purple blood due to haemerythrin, which is colourless when deoxygenated.
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Halloween’s almost here, which, for a large number of costumes, will require a liberal dousing of fake blood to complete the look. You probably already have a pretty good idea of the reasons behind the red colouration of human blood that fake blood mimics. However, red is not the only blood colour available – it also comes in blue, green, violet, and even colourless varieties – and this is a result of the specific chemicals that make up blood in different organisms.

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