Overall, the protocol is seen as something of a mixed success. 38 countries with binding targets were collectively (though not always individually) able to meet them. However, the lack of binding targets for China and India, combined with the non-participation of the United States, meant that overall global greenhouse gas emissions still rose during the first period of the protocol.
There’s a closer look at the outcomes of the Kyoto protocol here. A study in 2016 also took a look at the compliance of parties to the Kyoto protocol in its first period.
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