Miscellaneous Graphics

Chemical Shark Repellents

Shark Week Special: A Brief History of Chemical Shark Repellents

Chemical Shark Repellents
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The human fear of sharks is an age old one. Even though your odds of being killed by a shark are estimated to be approximately 1 in 3.7 million, versus a 1 in 218 chance of simply dying from a fall, the fear persists, and over the years many chemists have turned their attentions to trying to find an effective chemical shark repellent – with somewhat mixed results.

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Lethal Doses Chemicals Chemistry

Lethal Doses of Water, Caffeine and Alcohol

Lethal Doses Chemicals Chemistry
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Today’s graphic is a whimsical look at lethal doses of chemicals we consume on a regular basis. Whilst it may be more common to view chemicals in a black and white framing of ‘toxic’ or ‘non-toxic’, the reality is more of a sliding scale of toxicity. The admission of too much of any chemical into the body can cause toxic effects, and even death – the only variant from chemical to chemical is how much is ‘too much’. For some chemicals, the amount will be very low, whilst for others, it may be almost impossibly high.

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The Chemistry of Cats and Catnip

The Chemical Behind Catnip’s Effect on Cats

The Chemistry of Cats and Catnip
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Everyone knows cats go crazy for catnip. It’s an effect that’s been noted in scientific literature as far back as the 18th Century, when scientists observed that cats seemed to be attracted to catnip when the plant was withered or bruised. Since then, research has managed to amass a little more detail on exactly why catnip affects cats in the way it does.

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Natural & Man-Made Chemicals - Dose Makes The Poison

Natural vs. Man-Made Chemicals – Dispelling Misconceptions

Natural vs Man Made Synthetic Chemicals Toxicity
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The term ‘chemophobia’ has been used on social media amongst chemists with increasing regularity over the past year. Defined as ‘a fear of chemicals’, more specifically it refers to the growing tendency for the public to be suspicious and critical of the presence of any man-made (synthetic) chemicals in foods or products that they make use of. Sense About Science, a UK-based charitable trust whose mission is ‘to equip people to make sense of science and evidence’, is attempting to combat this with a new free guide, “Making Sense of Chemical Stories”, for which the graphics in this post were made.

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A Rough Guide to Spotting Bad Science

A guide to spotting bad science. The guide presents twelve points to consider when evaluating scientific studies, particularly those pertaining to medical or health claims. 
1. Sensationalised headlines
2. Misinterpreted results
3. Conflicts of interest
4. Correlation and causation
5. Unsupported conclusions
6. Problems with sample size
7. Unrepresentative samples used
8. No control group used
9. No blind testing used
10. Selective reporting of data
11. Unreplicable results
12. Non-peer reviewed material
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A brief detour from chemistry, branching out into science in general today. This graphic looks at the different factors that can contribute towards ‘bad’ science – it was inspired by the research I carried out for the recent aluminium chlorohydrate graphic, where many articles linked the compound to causing breast cancer, referencing scientific research which drew questionable conclusions from their results.

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