Tag: food

What do the IARC’s carcinogen classifications actually mean?

Infographic on the IARC carcinogen classification system. Classifications are shown along with example substances that fall within each category. Classifications range from group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) to group 4 (probably not carcinogenic).

Alcohol: Well known to be carcinogenic to humans. Despite this, a large proportion of the population drink it regularly. More surprisingly, whenever the International Agency for Research on Cancer updates its carcinogen classifications for other substances with a lower cancer risk, there’s often media fanfare. In recent years, the IARC has upgraded classifications for red meat and aspartame, leading to a spate of panicked articles. This republished and updated post takes a look at what the classification groups actually mean, and how worried we should be about a substance’s classification.

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Infographic on the chemistry of different types of vinegars. First, an overview of vinegar production is shown, explaining the fermentation of sugars and starches into ethanol, then the subsequent oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. Six different varieties of vinegar are then explored: Distilled vinegar, balsamic vinegar, wine vinegar, apple cider vinegar, malt vinegar, and rice vinegar. Chemical compounds of interest are highlighted for each, and also detailed in the post accompanying this image.

The sour science of vinegar varieties

Infographic on the chemistry of different types of vinegars. First, an overview of vinegar production is shown, explaining the fermentation of sugars and starches into ethanol, then the subsequent oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. Six different varieties of vinegar are then explored: Distilled vinegar, balsamic vinegar, wine vinegar, apple cider vinegar, malt vinegar, and rice vinegar. Chemical compounds of interest are highlighted for each, and also detailed in the post accompanying this image.
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The first vinegars were accidents of oxidation, wine left out too long which turned sour. The word vinegar even derives from the Latin for ‘sour wine’. Today, varieties of vinegar range from balsamic to rice vinegar, produced on a commercial basis. This graphic takes a look at some of the chemical quirks of the different types.

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