Tag: wine

Port wine chemistry: Types, colours, ageing and flavours

Infographic on the chemistry of port. There are several different types of port: ruby port is aged for a short time in oak vats; tawny port is aged in oak barrels for longer periods; rosé port is a newer style of port made with minimal contact with grape skins; and white port is made from white grapes. The colour of port is caused by anthocyanins found in grape skins. As ports age, anthocyanins form pyranoanthocyanins and polymeric pigments, leading to a change towards an orange hue. Sotolon is a key odour molecule in aged port, and its concentration correlates with the length of aging. Barrel-aged ports gain some compounds from barrel wood which also contribute to favour and aroma.
Click to enlarge

Port’s often relegated to the festive period, and forgotten about for the rest of the year (at least, in the UK). This is a shame as if you look beyond the standard ruby port, there are several other delicious types, particularly the varieties that are aged for longer periods of time. There’s also some interesting chemistry behind these varieties and how they transform during ageing.

Read more

The Chemistry of Champagne

Infographic on the chemistry of champagne. 5 litres of carbon dioxide are released from a typical 0.75 litre bottle. The pressure in the bottle is 5-6 atmospheres. There are approximately 20 million bubbles released from a single fire of champagne. The bubbles carry flavour and aroma compounds with them, details on which are included below.
Click to enlarge

With New Year’s Eve upcoming, a large number of people will celebrate by popping open a bottle of champagne. The bubbles in your glass may seem simple enough, but there’s actually a wealth of interesting chemistry behind them – chemistry that’s vital for the perceived taste and aroma of the wine. There’s a lot more to the bubbles than you might think, and this post picks apart some of the chemical compounds involved.

Read more

The Key Chemicals in Red Wine – Colour, Flavour, and Potential Health Benefits

Infographic on the chemistry of wine. Highlights key groups of compounds in red wine: anthocyanins, which give red wine its colour, tannins, which give red wine its astringency, flavan-3-ols, which contribute bitterness, and flavonols, which contribute to colour through co-pigmentation
Click to enlarge

To complement the ongoing food chemistry posts, this supplementary series is going to look at the key chemicals (or families of chemicals) that give alcoholic drinks their characteristics. The first in the series looks at some of the families of chemicals in red wine that contribute towards its colour and flavour, with more detail provided in the post below.

Read more